Master Reading Comprehension
The complete MOE STELLAR-aligned guide to comprehension skills. Learn the CUB strategy, 7 question types, and annotation techniques for PSLE success.
7 Question Types
Start HereIn Singapore primary schools, comprehension questions fall into 7 main types. Understanding each type helps you know exactly what the question is asking and how to find the answer.
Factual
P1-P6Direct answers found in the text - look for exact information
Strategy
Scan the passage for keywords from the question. The answer is stated directly.
Look for these words
Inference
P3-P6Read between the lines using text clues and prior knowledge
Strategy
Look for clues in the text + use what you already know = make a logical conclusion.
Look for these words
Sequencing
P2-P6Arrange events in the correct order they happened
Strategy
Look for time words (first, then, next, finally, before, after). Number the events.
Look for these words
True/False
P3-P6Determine if statements match the information in the passage
Strategy
Find the relevant part of the text. Compare it EXACTLY to the statement.
Look for these words
Information Transfer
P4-P6Extract specific information to fill in tables, forms, or diagrams
Strategy
Read the table headings first. Then scan the passage for matching information.
Look for these words
Contextualised Vocabulary
P3-P6Replace an underlined word with another word of similar meaning
Strategy
Read the sentence. Think of a synonym. Check if it makes sense in context.
Look for these words
Applied Vocabulary
P4-P6Find a word in the passage that matches a given meaning
Strategy
Read the given meaning. Scan the passage for a word that matches.
Look for these words
Quick Tip
Before answering any question, identify the question type first. This tells you WHERE to look (in the text or between the lines) and HOW to answer (directly or with reasoning).
The CUB Strategy
EssentialThe CUB strategy is a powerful technique to decode any comprehension question. Use it BEFORE you search for the answer in the passage.
3 simple steps to crack any comprehension question!
"Why did [Tom] go to the [market] yesterday?"
CIRCLE
Question Words
๐ฏ What answer do you need?
UNDERLINE
Tense Markers
โฐ When did it happen?
BRACKET
Keywords to Search
๐ What to find in passage?
Now search the passage for [Tom] and [market]
in PAST tense context!
Pro Tip from CUB! ๐ป
Always do CUB BEFORE searching the passage. It helps you know exactly what to look for!
๐Practice CUB (80 questions)
"What did [Tom] eat for [breakfast]?"
"Where did [Mary] go yesterday?"
"Who gave the [boy] a [present]?"
"When did the [children] play at the [park]?"
"What [colour] is the [cat]?"
Why CUB Works
CUB helps you slow down and understand what the question is really asking. Many students lose marks not because they can't find the answer, but because they misread the question!
Active Reading & Annotation
Key SkillGood readers don't just read passively - they interact with the text. Use these 9 annotation symbols to mark important information as you read.
Circle
Who/What - Characters, important objects
Box/Square
Where/When - Setting, time, place
Round Brackets
Problem in the story
Square Brackets
Solution to the problem
Squiggly Line
Unknown or difficult words
Double Arrows
Pronouns - Link to who/what they refer to
Question Mark
Questions or confusion while reading
Reminds Me
Text-to-self connections
Exclamation
Surprising or important information
See It In Action (5 Passages)
1. The Lost Puppy
P3-P4Last Saturday๐, Tom found a small puppy๐ค near the playground๐. The puppy looked hungry and scaredโ ๏ธ. It had brown fur and big, sad eyes.
Tom felt sorry for the puppy. He took it home and gave it some food and waterโ . His mother was surprised but allowed him to keep the puppy until they found its owner.
The next day, Tom put up posters around the neighbourhoodโ . A week later, an elderly woman๐ค called. She was so happyโญ to see her puppy again! She thanked Tom and gave him a reward for his kindnessโญ.
Click highlighted text to learn more
2. The Science Fair
P5-P6Mei Ling๐ค had been working on her science project for three months๐. She was determined๐ to win first place at the school science fair. Her project was about how different types of music affect plant growth.
On the day of the fair, Mei Ling๐ค felt nervous. There were many impressive projects on display. She noticed that one student had built a working robotโญ, while another had created a model volcano that actually erupted.
When the judges announced the results, Mei Ling๐ค was astounded๐. She had won second placeโ ! Although she did not achieve first place, she was still proud of her hard work. The experience taught her that success is not just about winning, but about learning and perseveranceโญ.
Click highlighted text to learn more
3. Amy's Birthday Party
P1-P2Today๐ is Amy๐ค's birthday. She is seven years oldโญ. Her mother made a big chocolate cake๐ค.
Amy๐ค invited her friends to her house๐. They played musical chairsโญ and sang songs together. Everyone had a lot of fun!
At the end of the party, Amy๐ค's friends gave her presentsโญ. Amy was very happyโญ. She said "Thank you!" to everyone.
Click highlighted text to learn more
4. The Brave Firefighter
P3-P4One hot afternoon๐, a fire broke outโ ๏ธ in an old building on Orchard Road๐. Thick black smoke filled the air. People were shouting and running away in fear.
Mr Tan, a firefighter๐ค, arrived quickly with his team. He heard a child cryingโ ๏ธ from the third floor. Without hesitation๐, he rushed into the burning buildingโ .
Moments later, Mr Tan emerged carrying a little girlโ in his arms. Her grateful๐ parents hugged their daughter tightly. The crowd cheered for the brave firefighter who had risked his lifeโญ to save the child.
Click highlighted text to learn more
5. The Environmental Project
P5-P6The students of Greenfield Primary School๐ were alarmed๐ when they discovered that the beautiful pond near their school was pollutedโ ๏ธ. Dead fish floated on the murky waterโญ, and the once-clear pond now resembled a swamp.
"We must do something!" declared Aisha, the class monitor๐ค. She proposed a clean-up projectโ and rallied๐ her classmates to take action. Over the following weekends๐, the students, along with parent volunteers, worked tirelessly to remove rubbish and debris from the pond.
Three months later๐, the transformation was remarkableโญ. The water was clear again, and ducks had returned to the pond. The principal commended the students, saying, "You have shown that young people can make a significant differenceโญ in protecting our environment."
Click highlighted text to learn more
Practice Tip
Don't try to use all 9 symbols at once! Start with circles (characters) and boxes (setting). Add more symbols as you get comfortable.
Factual Questions
Easy Peasy!Detective Mode: ON!
The answer is hiding in the passage. Find it!
๐ฏ Spot These Question Words!
๐ 3 Easy Steps!
BRACKET
keywords in question
SCAN
passage for keywords
WRITE
answer in own words
Let's Try One!
๐ PASSAGE:
"The library opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 6 p.m. on weekdays."
โ QUESTION:
What time does the [library] [open]?
โ ANSWER:
The library opens at 9 a.m.
Easy! The answer was right there in the passage!
Inference Questions
Be a Mind Reader! ๐งBecome a Reading Detective!
Find clues and figure out what's NOT said
๐ช The Magic Formula
Text Clues
What the passage says
Your Brain
What you already know
Inference!
Your smart conclusion
๐กExample: Making an Inference
"Sarah stared at her empty wallet"
"She sighed"
"She put the pretty dress back on the rack"
When people don't have money, they can't buy things they want
Sarah probably did not have enough money to buy the dress
โ Good Inference
- โข Based on clues in the text
- โข Makes logical sense
- โข Can be supported with evidence
โ Poor Inference
- โข Wild guess without text support
- โข Based only on imagination
- โข Contradicts the passage
๐จ Spot These Words = INFERENCE Question!
โจ Start Your Answer Like This!
"This suggests that..."
"We can infer that..."
"The character probably..."
"Based on the clues..."
โ ๏ธ Traps to Avoid!
Wild guesses without text evidence
Answer that's DIRECTLY stated (that's factual!)
Always support your inference with clues!
Vocabulary in Context
Word Wizard! ๐งTwo Types of Word Questions!
Don't mix them up or you'll lose marks!
REPLACE the Word
Contextualised Vocabulary
โ Question looks like:
"Which word can replace 'exhausted'?"
๐ฏ Strategy:
Answer: A word from YOUR brain! ๐ง
FIND the Word
Applied Vocabulary
โ Question looks like:
"Find a word that means 'hardworking'."
๐ฏ Strategy:
Answer: A word from the PASSAGE! ๐
DON'T MIX THEM UP!
๐ REPLACE (Type 1)
Give a synonym from YOUR vocabulary
The word is NOT in the passage
๐ FIND (Type 2)
Find the word IN the passage
Copy it exactly as written!
Sequencing & True/False
Time Travel! โฐSEQUENCING
Put events in order!
๐ฌLike watching a movie - what happened FIRST, NEXT, and LAST?
๐ฎ Magic Time Words:
first
then
next
after
before
finally
๐กNumber events as you read!
TRUE or FALSE
Fact check time!
๐ต๏ธBe a detective! Does the statement MATCH what the passage says?
๐จTRAP: Don't use what YOU know - only what the PASSAGE says!
Answer Precision (SPG Check)
Final Boss! ๐ฎDon't Lose Marks on Silly Mistakes!
Check SPG before you submit!
SPELLING
Check every word!
PUNCTUATION
Dots and commas matter!
GRAMMAR
Make sentences correct!
๐ฎ 6 Steps to VICTORY! ๐
Read & Annotate
Mark important stuff!
Read Questions
Use CUB strategy!
Find Evidence
Go back to passage!
Answer Exactly
No more, no less!
Use Own Words
Don't just copy!
Check SPG
Final check time!
๐ซ Avoid These Traps!
โ Copying whole sentences
โ Use your own words!
โ Writing too much
โ Answer what's asked!
โ Incomplete sentences
โ Write full sentences!
โ Misspelling names
โ Copy names exactly!
Practice Quiz
+25 XPTest your comprehension skills with 55 questions covering all question types and strategies!
Mrs Chen frowned at the report card. She picked up her phone and called the school immediately. What can you infer about the report card?
The detective examined the broken window carefully. He noticed muddy footprints leading away from the house. What can you infer happened?
The garden was overgrown with weeds. Cobwebs covered the windows. Letters piled up at the door. What can you infer about the house?
Dr Lee has been practising medicine for 25 years. She specialises in treating children. What kind of doctor is Dr Lee?
The valiant firefighter rushed into the burning building to save the trapped family. Which word means "brave"?
You've Got This!
Reading comprehension improves with practice. Use the CUB strategy for every question, annotate actively, and always check your SPG before submitting.
SGSchoolKaki Education Team
Ex-MOE Teachers, Private Tutors & Education Data Analysts with 15+ Years Combined Experience
Reviewed by: KW Phoon
Founder, BEng(Hons) in Computing Engineering
Data-Driven Education Platform