P1-P6 โ€ข Beginner

Master Reading Comprehension

The complete MOE STELLAR-aligned guide to comprehension skills. Learn the CUB strategy, 7 question types, and annotation techniques for PSLE success.

40 min read
9 Sections
4.9 Rating
+50 XP

7 Question Types

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In Singapore primary schools, comprehension questions fall into 7 main types. Understanding each type helps you know exactly what the question is asking and how to find the answer.

Factual

P1-P6

Direct answers found in the text - look for exact information

Strategy

Scan the passage for keywords from the question. The answer is stated directly.

Look for these words

whowhatwherewhenwhichhow manyhow much

Inference

P3-P6

Read between the lines using text clues and prior knowledge

Strategy

Look for clues in the text + use what you already know = make a logical conclusion.

Look for these words

why do you thinkwhat can you infersuggestimplyprobablymight

Sequencing

P2-P6

Arrange events in the correct order they happened

Strategy

Look for time words (first, then, next, finally, before, after). Number the events.

Look for these words

firstthennextafterbeforefinallyorder

True/False

P3-P6

Determine if statements match the information in the passage

Strategy

Find the relevant part of the text. Compare it EXACTLY to the statement.

Look for these words

truefalseaccording tobased oncorrectincorrect

Information Transfer

P4-P6

Extract specific information to fill in tables, forms, or diagrams

Strategy

Read the table headings first. Then scan the passage for matching information.

Look for these words

complete the tablefill inbased on the passage

Contextualised Vocabulary

P3-P6

Replace an underlined word with another word of similar meaning

Strategy

Read the sentence. Think of a synonym. Check if it makes sense in context.

Look for these words

replaceanother wordsimilar meaningmeans the same as

Applied Vocabulary

P4-P6

Find a word in the passage that matches a given meaning

Strategy

Read the given meaning. Scan the passage for a word that matches.

Look for these words

find a wordwhich word meansword that showsword in paragraph

Quick Tip

Before answering any question, identify the question type first. This tells you WHERE to look (in the text or between the lines) and HOW to answer (directly or with reasoning).

The CUB Strategy

Essential

The CUB strategy is a powerful technique to decode any comprehension question. Use it BEFORE you search for the answer in the passage.

๐ŸปMeet CUB - Your Reading Helper!๐Ÿป

3 simple steps to crack any comprehension question!

โ“EXAMPLE QUESTION:

"Why did [Tom] go to the [market] yesterday?"

โฌ‡๏ธ
1
C

CIRCLE

Question Words

๐ŸŽฏ What answer do you need?

WhoWhatWhereWhenWhyHow
Ex:Whyโ†’Find a reason
โฌ‡๏ธ
2
U

UNDERLINE

Tense Markers

โฐ When did it happen?

PASTwas, were, -ed
NOWis, are, -s
FUTUREwill, going to
Ex:didโ†’Past tense
โฌ‡๏ธ
3
B

BRACKET

Keywords to Search

๐Ÿ” What to find in passage?

๐Ÿ‘คNames (people, places)
๐Ÿ“…Numbers, dates, times
โญKey action words
Ex:[Tom][market]
โฌ‡๏ธ
๐ŸŽ‰

Now search the passage for [Tom] and [market]

in PAST tense context!

๐ŸŽ‰
๐Ÿ’ก

Pro Tip from CUB! ๐Ÿป

Always do CUB BEFORE searching the passage. It helps you know exactly what to look for!

๐Ÿ“Practice CUB (80 questions)

P1-P2Factual

"What did [Tom] eat for [breakfast]?"

CWhat
Udid
BTom, breakfast
P1-P2Factual

"Where did [Mary] go yesterday?"

CWhere
Udid, yesterday
BMary
P1-P2Factual

"Who gave the [boy] a [present]?"

CWho
Ugave
Bboy, present
P1-P2Factual

"When did the [children] play at the [park]?"

CWhen
Udid, play
Bchildren, park
P1-P2Factual

"What [colour] is the [cat]?"

CWhat
Uis
Bcat, colour
5 of 80

Why CUB Works

CUB helps you slow down and understand what the question is really asking. Many students lose marks not because they can't find the answer, but because they misread the question!

Active Reading & Annotation

Key Skill

Good readers don't just read passively - they interact with the text. Use these 9 annotation symbols to mark important information as you read.

โ—‹

Circle

Who/What - Characters, important objects

โ–ก

Box/Square

Where/When - Setting, time, place

( )

Round Brackets

Problem in the story

[ ]

Square Brackets

Solution to the problem

~~~

Squiggly Line

Unknown or difficult words

โ†”

Double Arrows

Pronouns - Link to who/what they refer to

?

Question Mark

Questions or confusion while reading

(R)

Reminds Me

Text-to-self connections

(!)

Exclamation

Surprising or important information

See It In Action (5 Passages)

1. The Lost Puppy

P3-P4

Last Saturday๐Ÿ“, Tom found a small puppy๐Ÿ‘ค near the playground๐Ÿ“. The puppy looked hungry and scaredโš ๏ธ. It had brown fur and big, sad eyes.

Tom felt sorry for the puppy. He took it home and gave it some food and waterโœ…. His mother was surprised but allowed him to keep the puppy until they found its owner.

The next day, Tom put up posters around the neighbourhoodโœ…. A week later, an elderly woman๐Ÿ‘ค called. She was so happyโญ to see her puppy again! She thanked Tom and gave him a reward for his kindnessโญ.

Click highlighted text to learn more

2. The Science Fair

P5-P6

Mei Ling๐Ÿ‘ค had been working on her science project for three months๐Ÿ“. She was determined๐Ÿ“– to win first place at the school science fair. Her project was about how different types of music affect plant growth.

On the day of the fair, Mei Ling๐Ÿ‘ค felt nervous. There were many impressive projects on display. She noticed that one student had built a working robotโญ, while another had created a model volcano that actually erupted.

When the judges announced the results, Mei Ling๐Ÿ‘ค was astounded๐Ÿ“–. She had won second placeโœ…! Although she did not achieve first place, she was still proud of her hard work. The experience taught her that success is not just about winning, but about learning and perseveranceโญ.

Click highlighted text to learn more

3. Amy's Birthday Party

P1-P2

Today๐Ÿ“ is Amy๐Ÿ‘ค's birthday. She is seven years oldโญ. Her mother made a big chocolate cake๐Ÿ‘ค.

Amy๐Ÿ‘ค invited her friends to her house๐Ÿ“. They played musical chairsโญ and sang songs together. Everyone had a lot of fun!

At the end of the party, Amy๐Ÿ‘ค's friends gave her presentsโญ. Amy was very happyโญ. She said "Thank you!" to everyone.

Click highlighted text to learn more

4. The Brave Firefighter

P3-P4

One hot afternoon๐Ÿ“, a fire broke outโš ๏ธ in an old building on Orchard Road๐Ÿ“. Thick black smoke filled the air. People were shouting and running away in fear.

Mr Tan, a firefighter๐Ÿ‘ค, arrived quickly with his team. He heard a child cryingโš ๏ธ from the third floor. Without hesitation๐Ÿ“–, he rushed into the burning buildingโœ….

Moments later, Mr Tan emerged carrying a little girlโœ… in his arms. Her grateful๐Ÿ“– parents hugged their daughter tightly. The crowd cheered for the brave firefighter who had risked his lifeโญ to save the child.

Click highlighted text to learn more

5. The Environmental Project

P5-P6

The students of Greenfield Primary School๐Ÿ“ were alarmed๐Ÿ“– when they discovered that the beautiful pond near their school was pollutedโš ๏ธ. Dead fish floated on the murky waterโญ, and the once-clear pond now resembled a swamp.

"We must do something!" declared Aisha, the class monitor๐Ÿ‘ค. She proposed a clean-up projectโœ… and rallied๐Ÿ“– her classmates to take action. Over the following weekends๐Ÿ“, the students, along with parent volunteers, worked tirelessly to remove rubbish and debris from the pond.

Three months later๐Ÿ“, the transformation was remarkableโญ. The water was clear again, and ducks had returned to the pond. The principal commended the students, saying, "You have shown that young people can make a significant differenceโญ in protecting our environment."

Click highlighted text to learn more

Practice Tip

Don't try to use all 9 symbols at once! Start with circles (characters) and boxes (setting). Add more symbols as you get comfortable.

Factual Questions

Easy Peasy!
๐Ÿ”

Detective Mode: ON!

The answer is hiding in the passage. Find it!

๐ŸŽฏ Spot These Question Words!

๐Ÿ‘คWho
โ“What
๐Ÿ“Where
โฐWhen
๐Ÿ‘†Which
๐Ÿ”ขHow many

๐Ÿš€ 3 Easy Steps!

1
๐Ÿ”ฒ

BRACKET

keywords in question

2
๐Ÿ‘€

SCAN

passage for keywords

3
โœ๏ธ

WRITE

answer in own words

๐Ÿ’ก

Let's Try One!

๐Ÿ“– PASSAGE:

"The library opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 6 p.m. on weekdays."

โ“ QUESTION:

What time does the [library] [open]?

โœ… ANSWER:

The library opens at 9 a.m.

๐ŸŽ‰

Easy! The answer was right there in the passage!

Inference Questions

Be a Mind Reader! ๐Ÿง 
๐Ÿ•ต๏ธ

Become a Reading Detective!

Find clues and figure out what's NOT said

๐Ÿช„ The Magic Formula

๐Ÿ“–

Text Clues

What the passage says

+
๐Ÿง 

Your Brain

What you already know

=
๐Ÿ’ก

Inference!

Your smart conclusion

๐Ÿ“–Text CluesWhat does thepassage say?+๐Ÿง Prior KnowledgeWhat do youalready know?=๐Ÿ’กInferenceYour logicalconclusion

๐Ÿ’กExample: Making an Inference

Text Clues

"Sarah stared at her empty wallet"

"She sighed"

"She put the pretty dress back on the rack"

Prior Knowledge

When people don't have money, they can't buy things they want

Inference

Sarah probably did not have enough money to buy the dress

Empty wallet + sighedNo money = can't buyShe couldn't afford the dress
โœ… Good Inference
  • โ€ข Based on clues in the text
  • โ€ข Makes logical sense
  • โ€ข Can be supported with evidence
โŒ Poor Inference
  • โ€ข Wild guess without text support
  • โ€ข Based only on imagination
  • โ€ข Contradicts the passage

๐Ÿšจ Spot These Words = INFERENCE Question!

๐Ÿค”Why do you think...๐Ÿ”What can you infer...๐Ÿ’ญsuggest๐ŸŽฏprobablyโ“might๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธimply

โœจ Start Your Answer Like This!

"This suggests that..."

"We can infer that..."

"The character probably..."

"Based on the clues..."

โš ๏ธ Traps to Avoid!

โŒ

Wild guesses without text evidence

โŒ

Answer that's DIRECTLY stated (that's factual!)

โœ…

Always support your inference with clues!

Vocabulary in Context

Word Wizard! ๐Ÿง™
๐Ÿ“š

Two Types of Word Questions!

Don't mix them up or you'll lose marks!

๐Ÿ”„
1๏ธโƒฃ

REPLACE the Word

Contextualised Vocabulary

โ“ Question looks like:

"Which word can replace 'exhausted'?"

๐ŸŽฏ Strategy:

1๏ธโƒฃRead the whole sentence
2๏ธโƒฃThink of a synonym (same meaning)
3๏ธโƒฃCheck it fits the sentence

Answer: A word from YOUR brain! ๐Ÿง 

๐Ÿ”
2๏ธโƒฃ

FIND the Word

Applied Vocabulary

โ“ Question looks like:

"Find a word that means 'hardworking'."

๐ŸŽฏ Strategy:

1๏ธโƒฃUnderstand the given meaning
2๏ธโƒฃScan the paragraph carefully
3๏ธโƒฃFind the matching word

Answer: A word from the PASSAGE! ๐Ÿ“–

โš ๏ธ

DON'T MIX THEM UP!

๐Ÿ”„ REPLACE (Type 1)

Give a synonym from YOUR vocabulary

The word is NOT in the passage

๐Ÿ” FIND (Type 2)

Find the word IN the passage

Copy it exactly as written!

Sequencing & True/False

Time Travel! โฐ
๐Ÿ“‹

SEQUENCING

Put events in order!

๐ŸŽฌLike watching a movie - what happened FIRST, NEXT, and LAST?

๐Ÿ”ฎ Magic Time Words:

1๏ธโƒฃ

first

2๏ธโƒฃ

then

3๏ธโƒฃ

next

โžก๏ธ

after

โฌ…๏ธ

before

๐Ÿ

finally

๐Ÿ’กNumber events as you read!

โœ…โŒ

TRUE or FALSE

Fact check time!

๐Ÿ•ต๏ธBe a detective! Does the statement MATCH what the passage says?

1๏ธโƒฃFind it in the passage
2๏ธโƒฃCompare word by word
3๏ธโƒฃWatch for sneaky changes!

๐ŸšจTRAP: Don't use what YOU know - only what the PASSAGE says!

Answer Precision (SPG Check)

Final Boss! ๐ŸŽฎ
๐ŸŽฏ

Don't Lose Marks on Silly Mistakes!

Check SPG before you submit!

S

SPELLING

Check every word!

๐Ÿ“Copy names exactly
๐Ÿ”Watch for tricky words
โš ๏ธtheir/there/they're
P

PUNCTUATION

Dots and commas matter!

โน๏ธEnd with full stop
โ“Questions need ?
๐Ÿ”คCapital letters
G

GRAMMAR

Make sentences correct!

๐Ÿ‘คHe goes, they go
โฐMatch the tense
โœ…Complete sentences

๐ŸŽฎ 6 Steps to VICTORY! ๐Ÿ†

1
๐Ÿ“–

Read & Annotate

Mark important stuff!

2
โ“

Read Questions

Use CUB strategy!

3
๐Ÿ”

Find Evidence

Go back to passage!

4
๐ŸŽฏ

Answer Exactly

No more, no less!

5
โœ๏ธ

Use Own Words

Don't just copy!

6
โœ…

Check SPG

Final check time!

๐Ÿšซ Avoid These Traps!

โŒ Copying whole sentences

โœ… Use your own words!

โŒ Writing too much

โœ… Answer what's asked!

โŒ Incomplete sentences

โœ… Write full sentences!

โŒ Misspelling names

โœ… Copy names exactly!

Practice Quiz

+25 XP

Test your comprehension skills with 55 questions covering all question types and strategies!

Factual QuestionsInference QuestionsVocabulary QuestionsStrategy Questions
1
P5-P6

Mrs Chen frowned at the report card. She picked up her phone and called the school immediately. What can you infer about the report card?

2
P5-P6

The detective examined the broken window carefully. He noticed muddy footprints leading away from the house. What can you infer happened?

3
P5-P6

The garden was overgrown with weeds. Cobwebs covered the windows. Letters piled up at the door. What can you infer about the house?

4
P5-P6

Dr Lee has been practising medicine for 25 years. She specialises in treating children. What kind of doctor is Dr Lee?

5
P5-P6

The valiant firefighter rushed into the burning building to save the trapped family. Which word means "brave"?

Showing 5 of 55 questions
๐Ÿ“–

You've Got This!

Reading comprehension improves with practice. Use the CUB strategy for every question, annotate actively, and always check your SPG before submitting.

Made withโค๏ธby the SGSchoolKaki Team

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Published:6 February 2026

Reviewed by: KW Phoon

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